R&D personnel by sector in Spain, 2023
R&D personnel by sector in 2023: Annual value — 1.19 %. Comparison with the previous year and position in the series history. Official data — Eurostat.
R&D personnel by sector in 2023
- Value: 1.19 %
- Change vs 2022: +0.06 % (+5.31 %)
- Position in history: above the 25-year average (average — 0.9244 %)
- Series maximum — 1.23 % in 2024
- Series minimum — 0.67 % in 2000 (23 years ago)
- Value date: 1 January 2023
- Source: Eurostat
Dynamics over neighbouring years
| Year | Value, % |
|---|---|
| 2015 | 0.88 |
| 2016 | 0.91 |
| 2017 | 0.96 |
| 2018 | 1 |
| 2019 | 1.01 |
| 2020 | 1.03 |
| 2021 | 1.08 |
| 2022 | 1.13 |
| 2023 | 1.19 |
| 2024 | 1.23 |
Full history and interactive chart
Complete series for Spain — on the R&D personnel by sector page.
Other years
- R&D personnel by sector in 2009
- R&D personnel by sector in 2010
- R&D personnel by sector in 2011
- R&D personnel by sector in 2012
- R&D personnel by sector in 2013
- R&D personnel by sector in 2014
- R&D personnel by sector in 2015
- R&D personnel by sector in 2016
- R&D personnel by sector in 2017
- R&D personnel by sector in 2018
- R&D personnel by sector in 2019
- R&D personnel by sector in 2020
- R&D personnel by sector in 2021
- R&D personnel by sector in 2022
- R&D personnel by sector in 2024